Non spatial data also called attribute or characteristic data is that information which is independent of all geometric considerations. For example, cases of disease, hospitals, roads, waterways, country boundaries, and health catchment areas are all types of spatial data. The ibm informix spatial data types integrate spatial and non spatial data, providing a seamless point of access using sql structured query language. Spatial data sets are primarily defined as those which are directly or indirectly referenced to a location on the surface of the earth. These pages are a compilation of lecture notes for my introduction to gis and spatial analysis course es214. The following is not an attempt to provide a single generic definition. Location is, thus, the basis for many benefits of gis. What are the differences between spatial and non spatial data. To locate spatial features on the earths surface, use either a. A vector feature has its shape represented using geometry. Spatial data in general spatial data comes in one of 2 formats raster. Non spatial or attribute data is that qualifies the spatial data. The choice of a source of geographical data for a gis application is, however. Lecture 2 introduction to gis based on lecture notes of dr.
Spatial analysis the crux of gis because it includes all of the transformations. Data that define a location of a geographical features. Management of spatial data takes a major proportion of resources personnel, time and money in any gis based project. Cadastral land records should be in gis platform as the spatial data carries the major content information and everything else is and non spatial data attached to spatial data. These are linked in the gisto spatial data that define the location. What is geoaptial data or spatial data or geographic information. Diagrams the database design discussion notes about. Nonspatial data towards spatially located news about. The data model determines how the data are structured, stored, processed, and analyzed in a gis.
It was readily rec ognized that a major instrument in disseminating and facilitating spatial data analysis would be an easy to use, visual and interactive software package, aimed at the non gis user and requiring as little as possible in terms of other software such as gis or statistical packages. In vector overlay, arithmetic operations are performed with the help of. Each of these sections was supplemented with notes and inspirational screenshots f. The geometry is made up of one or more interconnected vertices. Spatial analysis in gis involves three types of operations. Any additional information, or non spatial data, that describes a feature is referred to as an attribute. The non spatial data on the left display cycle parts, which can be located. Gis notes 2 geospatial data cover the location of spatial. Chapter 1 introduction to gis intro to gis and spatial. Nonspatial data would be things like name, date of birth, income, sales amount, quantity, etc.
Raju geoinformatics division indian institute of remote sensing, dehra dun abstract. Spatial data can be in the form of a mapremotelysensed data such as satellite imagery and aerial photography. Gis spatial data structures geographic information system. Bailey 8 3 designing spatial data analysis modules for geographical information systems. Gis spatial data structures geographic information. In a gis, the data usually include attributes, or descriptive information. Address data with a zip code is a type of spatial data. These data forms must be properly georeferenced latitudelongitude. The following material was drawn from a workshop on spatial data and spatial data sources given at mit during iap 2016. Spatial database systems offer the underlying database technology for geographic information systems and other applications.
A gis includes a variety of functions for portraying attribute distributions and transforming spatial objects. It represents the location, size and shape of the object in the earth i. The data set that is used to analyze the past as well as to work on analytics is known as spatial data. Value of sdbms spatial data examples examples of non spatial data names, phone numbers, email addresses of people examples of spatial data census data nasa satellite images terabytes of data per day weather and climate data rivers, farms, ecological impact medical imaging exercise. We use spatial on magic leap for real estate development planning across several offices. Introduction to geography, gis, spatial data and use of gis. Feb 12, 2018 analysis tools to spatial data spatial data includes geographic data in both raster and vector formats, for example. Apr 08, 2021 gis data can be broadly described as spatial data and non spatial data. Spatial analysis in gis involves three types of operations attribute query also known as non spatial, spatial query and generation of new data sets from the original databases. Spatial data are characterized by information about their physical dimensions and geographic locations on the surface of the earth. It represents the location, size, and shape of the object in the earth i. Among the various information sources available, gis chose spatial information system as its source for obtaining the required information for developmental process. Vector data vector data provide a way to represent real world features within the gis environment. Geonetwork opensource ngeonetwork is a catalog application to manage spatially referenced resources.
The special nature of spatial data sage publications. Find all medical providers within 5 miles of the users zip code would be a use of spatial data. The different purposes of mapping spatial data have strong parallels to that of graphing or plotting non spatial data. Gis and spatial analysis of social data quantitative. A gis can also convert existing digital information, which may not yet be in map. In the module basic spatial analysis background information is provided about the performance and the application of operations in spatial analysis sa. Spatial data analysis the world agrometeorological. The course will also introduce students to the process of developing and writing an original spatial research project. Cadastral level village mapping using spatial and non spatial. A glossary of selected terms relevant to geographic. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
View gis notes 2 from geomatics gis 4 at oregon institute of technology. Spatial data are data that have a spatial component, it means that data are connected to a place in the earth. Identify spatial and non spatial data items in a phone book. Most geographic databases contain both spatial and nonspatial attributes and. Introduction to geography, gis, spatial data and use of gis in health. Such concerns were shared decades ago when personal computers made it easier for researchers and employees to graph non spatial data as well as perform many statistical procedures.
Gis spatial data structures free download as powerpoint presentation. Spatial data is limited to simple spreadsheet level information, but it also comprises imagery from satellites and drones, addresses data points, and longitudinal and latitudinal data. Geographic data or spatial data and related tabular data can be collected inhouse or bought from a commercial data provider. When a dataset cannot be related to a location on the surface of the earth is ref. Jan 01, 2009 in a gis, management of spatial data is concerned with 1 storing data in the computer i. Data the most important component of a gis is the data.
Spatial data models gis uses two basic data models to represent spatial features. Continuous, non tiled, spatial database for adding spatial data to a relational database management system rdbms. Nonspatial data management and gis software issues are described in chapter 6. Introduction to geography, gis, spatial data and use of. Database interface that couples spatial data to the rdbms allowing for highperformance access to all the data in there, spatial and non spatial. It is appropriate to note that mnemonics mnemotechnics was a highly. Find kmeans clusters can be used to create clusters based on location spatial analysis, or attribute values nonspatial analysis. Chapter 1 introduction to gis intro to gis and spatial analysis. It provides powerful metadata editing and search functions as well as an embedded interactive web map viewer. Requires special maintenance application to main topology, perform database edits, updates and. Find kmeans clusters categorizes your data into groups or clusters that maximize the similarities within each cluster while maximizing the difference between clusters. You can also interact with a gis to turn raw data into information useful for answering spatial and temporal. Lecture 2 introduction to gis based on lecture notes of. Spatial data structures describe the methods and formats for physical storage and processing of geographic information in gis.
Cadastral level village mapping using spatial and non. Spatial data geographic information system gis tutorial. The data are oftenstatistical but may be text, images or multimedia. These data include anything that can be associated with a location on the globe, or more simply anything that can be mapped. What is spatial data types and advantages of the spatial data. Spatial data is the physical representation of earth features. Introduction to spatial analysis operations and data analysis tools, especially spatial analysis, are important components for the functionalities of a gis. Attribute query also known as non spatial or spatial query, spatial query and generation of new data. Pdf spatial data structures kristin stock academia. Non spatial data include information about the features. Spatial data is available in two primary formats 1. Tabular data can be in the form attribute data that is in some way related to spatial data. A record in a dbms may be considered as a point in a multidimensional space a line can be transformed i.
Spatial data types and postrelational databases postrelational dbms support user defined abstract data types spatial data types e. Value of sdbms spatial data examples examples of non spatial data names, phone numbers, email addresses of people examples of spatial data census data nasa satellites imagery terabytes of data per day weather and climate data rivers, farms, ecological impact medical imaging exercise. Gis, with the ability to manage different spatial and non spatial databases kumar et al. A geographic information system provides a rich and flexible medium for visualizing and interacting with geographic data. Spatial extent of the objects is the key to the difference 2. Stewart fotheringham 1 part i integrating gis and spatial analysis. The map legend links the nonspatial attributes name, symbols, colours, thematic data to the spatial data. The process of defining and organizing data about the real world into a consistent digital dataset that is useful and reveals information is called data modeling. Geospatial data cover the location of spatial features. While gis is a complex software for spatial data input, analysis and. The ibm informix spatial solution embeds a geographic information system gis within the ibm informix database server. On the negative side, data files tend to be huge, even though data.
The software they use is esri arcgis 10, package fme 2011, and. Geographic information systems software for professional users, e. Using gis for visualizing nonspatial data l john old. The gis must be able to store all the data for the geographical entities, along with whatever non spatial attributes that are attached to them, in a way that can minimize disk file size and retrieval time. Non spatial dataspatial datadata that define a location. An introduction to geographical information systems gis. Traditionally this has been in the form of tables, summary statistics, or graphs. Spatial databases and geographic information systems.
Spatial data can have any amount of additional attributes accompanying information about the location. It covers spatial data definitions, formats, and sources as well as metadata, and data management. A separate data model is used to store and maintain non spatial or attribute additional information data for gis. They are ordered in such a way to follow the course outline, but most pages can be read in any desirable order. Any additional information, or non spatial data, that describes.
Geographic information technology training alliance gitta. Computers have facilitated an ease of analysis and display of data spreadsheets, statistical packages, scientific visualization including spatial data cad, geographic information systems. The logical organization of data according to a scheme is known as data model. May 12, 2015 in gis theare are two basic spatial data types raster data vector data in gis there are two types of spatial data types 4. What is spatial data types and advantages of the spatial. Handbook on geographic information systems and digital mapping. Spatial data structures are the core of a gis and fundamentally affect its performance and capabilities. Vector data points, lines and regions polygons raster data gridded data such as satellite imagery, elevation data across a surface, rainfall totals across a surface over a given period of time what is spatial. Spatial data includes coordinates or boundaries to a geographical area. Next, i focus on spatial errors and on the implications of various forms of spatial errors for spatial data analysis. Spatial data contains more information than just a location on the surface of the earth. Apr 14, 20 for example, the arrangement of ten bowling pins is spatial data.
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